Mythology - Shinto
The following was made by Michelle at Maiden to Crone: A Guide to BSSM.
The San Hikari are the Three Lights (sun, moon, and stars) in Shinto. This goes back to the three element rule, including that of the triangle, circle, and square, in Shinto. They are necessary and important to all life in the universe.
Sun: This is Seiya's representation. He wears the red rose which can be for Leo, ruled by the Sun. Star Fighter's attack, Star Serious Laser, may have something to do with the idea of the sun's ray or light perhaps. That may give an indication to Seiya's name, but I'm not sure of this interpretation. The Sun is principal of the three deities or elements, and Seiya is the one most prominent of the three in the story.
Moon: This is Taiki's representation. The light of the big air probably is supposed to be the Moon (hence Taiki's name). He wears the white rose which can stand for both the Moon and wisdom. The elements of water and life correlate to the element of the Moon, so might explain Star Maker's attack, Star Gentle Uterus, symbolic of growth or the creation of life. Also, the Moon is the quietest of the three, and Taiki can be said to be the quietest and least intrusive of the three lights.
Stars: This is Yaten's representation. The lights of the night sky are the stars (hence Yaten's name). He wears the yellow rose, but I'm not sure how that fits, maybe yellow for starlight. The stars also correlate to the gas state, with liquid to the Moon, and solid to the Sun. I'm not sure how Starhealer's attack, Star Sensitive Inferno, fits, but I do know that stars are self-luminous (the Sun is an example), so maybe from the idea of light and heat comes an inferno.
Besides the Shinto origin, the lights may be based on the idea of the Creator, Preserver, and Destroyer. "Cumont says, 'Oriental theologians developed the idea that the world forms a trinity; it is three in one and one in three.' The masculine scholar substitutes the neuter 'world' for 'Goddess,' though they were in a sense synonymous. It was she who established the trinitarian form of Creator, Preserver, and Destroyer."
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