2) Element symbol: N
 

3) Number of electrons, protons, and neutrons: 7 electron, 7 proton, 7 neutrons
 

4) Atomic number: 7
 

5) Atomic mass: 14.0067
 

6) Characteristics:

Nitrogen is colorless, odorless, tasteless, nontoxic gas.
 

7)

History:

It was isolated by the British physician Daniel Rutherford (1749-1819) in 1772 and recognized as an element gas by the French chemist Antonie Laurent Lavoisier about 1776.

Three things made from the element:

Most of the nitrogen used in the chemical industry is obtained by the fractional distillation of liquid air. It is then used to synthesize ammonia. From ammonia produced in this manner, a wide variety of important chemicals products are prepared, including:

- fertilizers

- nitric acid

- ureu

- hydrazine

- amines
 

8) Isotopes:

Nitrogen exists in two natural isotopic forms, and four radioactive isotopes have been artificially prepared.
 

9) In the combined state nitrogen takes part in many reactions, all of them at only very high temperatures or pressures. It forms so many compounds that a systematic scheme of compounds containing nitrogen in place of oxygen was created by the American chemist Edward Franklin (1862-1937).

In compounds, nitrogen exists in all the valence states between -3 and +5. Ammonia, hydrazine, and hydroxylamine represent compounds in which the valence of nitrogen is -3, -2, and -1, respectively. Oxides of nitrogen represent nitrogen in all the positive valence states.
 

10) Nitrogen melts at -210.01 °C (-346.02 °F) and boils at -195.79 °C (-320.42 °F).